Introduction to Copper: Fact Sheets
| Property | Value | Units | Value | Units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atomic number | 29 | |||
| Atomic weight | 63.54 | |||
| Lattice structure: face centered cubic | ||||
| Density | ||||
| IEC standrad value (1913) |
8.89 | g/cm3 | 0.321 | lb/in3 |
| Typical value at 20°C | 8.92 | g/cm3 | 0.322 | lb/in3 |
| at 1083°C (solid) | 8.32 | g/cm3 | 0.300 | lb/in3 |
| at 1083 (liquid) | 7.99 | g/cm3 | 0.288 | lb/in3 |
| Melting point | 1083 | °C | 1981 | °F |
| Boiling point | 2595 | °C | 4703 | °F |
| Linear cofficient of thermal expansion at: | ||||
| -253°C,-423°F | 0.3 x 10-6 | °C | 0.17 x 10-6 | °F |
| -183°C,-297°F | 9.5 x 10-6 | °C | 5.28 x 10-6 | °F |
| -191°C to 16°C, -312-61°F |
14.1 x 10-6 | °C | 7.83 x 10 | °F |
| 25°C to 100°C, 77-212 °F |
16.8 x 10-6 | °C | 9.33 x 10-6 | °F |
| 20°C to 200°C, 68-392 °F |
17.3 x 10-6 | °C | 9.61 x 10-6 | °F |
| 20°C to 300°C, 68-572 °F |
17.7 x 10-6 | °C | 9.83 x 10-6 | °F |
| Specific heat (thermal capacity) at: | ||||
| -253°C. -425°F | 0.013 | J/g°C | 0.0031 | Btu/lb°F |
| -150°C, -238°F | 0.282 | J/g°C | 0.0674 | Btu/lb°F |
| -50°C, -58°F | 0.361 | J/g°C | 0.0862 | Btu/lb°F |
| 20°C, 68°F | 0.386 | J/g°C | 0.0921 | Btu/lb°F |
| 100°C, 212°F | 0.393 | J/g°C | 0.0939 | Btu/lb°F |
| 200°C, 392°F | 0.403 | J/g°C | 0.0963 | Btu/lb°F |
| Thermal conductivity at: | ||||
| -253°C,-425 °F | 12.98 | W-cm/cm2·°C | 750 | Btu/ft/ft2h°F |
| -200°C, -328 °F | 5.74 | W-cm/cm2·°C | 330 | Btu/ft/ft2h°F |
| -183°C, -297 °F | 4.73 | W-cm/cm2·°C | 270 | Btu/ft/ft2h°F |
| -100°C, -148 °F | 4.35 | W-cm/cm2·°C | 252 | Btu/ft/ft2h°F |
| 20°C, 68 °F | 3.94 | W-cm/cm2·°C | 227 | Btu/ft/ft2h°F |
| 100°C, 212 °F | 3.85 | W-cm/cm2·°C | 223 | Btu/ft/ft2h°F |
| 200°C, 392 °F | 3.81 | W-cm/cm2·°C | 220 | Btu/ft/ft2h°F |
| 300°C, 572 °F | 3.77 | W-cm/cm2·°C | 217 | Btu/ft/ft2h°F |
| Electrical conductivity (volume) at: | ||||
| 20°C, 68 °F (annealed) |
58.0-58.9 | MS/m (mΩmm2) | 100.0-101.5 | % IACS |
| 20°C, 68 °F (fully cold worked) |
56.3 | MS/m (mΩ·mm2) | 97.0 | % IACS |
| Electrical resistivity (volume) at: | ||||
| 20°C, 68 °F (annealed) |
0.017241-0.0170 | Ω·mm2/m | 10.371-10.2 | Ω(circmil/ft) |
| 20°C, 68 °F (annealed) |
1.7241-1.70 | µΩ·cm | 0.6788-0.669 | micrΩ-in |
| 20°C, 68 °F (fully cold worked) |
0.0178 | Ω·mm2/m | 10.7 | Ω(circmil/ft) |
| 20°C, 68 °F (fully cold worked) |
1.78 | µΩ·cm | 0.700 | µΩ-in |
| Electrical resistivity (mass) at 20°C, 68 °F (annealed) | ||||
| Mandatory maximum | 0.15328 | Ω·g/m2 | 875.4 | Ω·lb/mile2 |
| Temperature coefficient of electrical resistance (a) at 20°C °F: Annealed copper of 100% IACS (applicable from -100°C to 200°C, 212°F to 392°F) |
0.00393 | °C | 0.00218 | °F |
| Fully cold worked copper of 97%IACS (applicable from 0°C to 100°C, 68-212 °F) |
0.00381 | °C | 0.00238 | °F |
| Modulus of elasticity (tension) at 20°C:, 68 °F | ||||
| Annealed | 118,000 | MPa | 17 x 103 | KSi |
| Cold worked | 118,000-132,000 | MPa | 17-19 x 103 | KSi |
| Modulus of rigidity (torsion) at 20°C, 68 °F | ||||
| Annealed | 44,000 | Mpa | 6.4 x 103 | KSi |
| Cold worked | 44,000-49,000 | MPa | 6.4-7 x 103 | KSi |
| Latent heat of fusion | 205 | J/g | ||
| Electro chemical equivalent for: | ||||
| Cu++ | 0.329 | Mg/C | ||
| Cu+ | 0.659 | Mg/C | ||
| Normal electrode potential (hydrogen electrode) for: | ||||
| Cu++ | -0.344 | V | ||
| Cu+ | -0.470 | V |
| Property | Units | Copper (High Conductivity) | Aluminum (1350) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical conductivity (annealed) | %IACS | 101 | 61 |
| Electrical resistivity (annealed) | µΩ-cm | 1.72 | 2.83 |
| Thermal conductivity at 20°C | W/m·K | 397 | 230 |
| Coefficient of expansion | °C °F |
17 x 10-6 9.4 x 10-6 |
23 x 10-6 12.8 x 10-6 |
| Tensile strength (annealed) |
KSi MPa |
29.0-36.2 200-250 |
7.2-8.7 50-60 |
| Tensile strength (half-hard) |
KSi MPa |
37.7-43.5 260-300 |
12.3-14.5 85-100 |
| 0.2% yield strength (annealed) | KSi MPa |
7.25-7.98 50-55 |
2.9-4.3 20-30 |
| 0.2% yield strength (half-hard) | KSi MPa |
24.6-29.0 170-200 |
8.7-9.4 60-65 |
| Elastic modulus | KSi MPa |
16.8-18.8 116-130 |
10.1 70 |
| Fatigue Strength (annealed) | KSi MPa |
9.0 62 |
5.07 35 |
| Fatigue Strength (half hard) | KSi MPa |
16.9 117 |
7.25 50 |
| Specific heat | Btu/lb0F J/kg·K |
0.092 385 |
0.215 900 |
| Density | g/cm3 lb/in3 |
8.91 0.322 |
2.70 0.0975 |
| Melting Point | °C °F |
1083 1981 |
660 1220 |
| Note: The values shown are typical for electrolytic high conductivity copper (ETP). Values for other grades may differ from those quoted, (see 'High Conductivity Coppers - Technical Data'. A comprehensive and searchable listing of the physical and mechanical properties of wrought and cast coppers and copper alloys can be found at Properties of Wrought and Cast Copper Alloys Search) | |||
Also in this Issue:
- Introduction to Copper: Applications
- Introduction to Copper: Types of Copper
- Introduction to Copper: Mining & Extraction
- Introduction to Copper: Fact Sheets
- Phelps Dodge Morenci Has Converted All Copper Production to Mine-for-Leach
- How Hydrometallurgy and the SX/EW Process Made Copper the "Green" Metal
- Introduction to Copper: Hot Links & Further Reading