Source: "Properties of Copper and Copper Alloys at Cryogenic Temperatures" by N.J. Simon, E.S. Drexler, and R.P. Reed ( NIST MN 177)
General and Atomic Properties of Copper
| Atomic Number | 29 |
| Atomic Weight | 63.546 |
| Atomic Diameter | 2.551 x 10 -10m |
| Melting Point | 1356 K |
| Boiling Point | 2868 K |
| Density at 293 K | 8.94 x 10 3 kg/m 3 |
| Electronic Structure | 3d 104s |
| Valence States | 2,1 |
| Fermi Energy | 7.0 eV |
| Fermi Surface | spherical, necks at [111] |
| Hall Coefficient | -5.12 x 10 -11 m 3/(A .S) |
| Magnetic State | diamagnetic |
| Heat of Fusion | 134 J/g |
| Heat of Vaporization | 3630 J/g |
| Heat of Sublimation @ 1299 K | 3730 J/g |
Crystallographic Features of Copper
| Type of Structure | A1 |
| Space Group | O h 5 - Fm3m |
| Crystal Structure | face-centered cubic |
| Number of Atoms per Unit Cell | 4 |
| Lattice Parameters at 293 K | 3.6147 x 10 -10 m |
| Distance of Closest Atomic Approach (Burgers vector) at 293 |
2.556 x 10 -10m |
| Goldschmidt Atomic Radii (12-fold coordination) |
1.28 x 10 -10m |
| Atomic Volume | 1.182 10 -29m 3 |